From the Province of Manitoba website.
'Parental Abduction
Where one parent has a court order of custody of a child under 14 and the other parent takes the child away without the custodial parent’s consent, that parent may be charged with abduction. A charge may also be laid if one joint custodial parent takes the child away without the consent of the other joint custodial parent or a parent with an access order. Even where there is no Canadian court order of custody, and one parent takes a child under 14 away from the other parent without the other’s consent, 3 he or she may be charged with abduction under the Criminal Code of Canada if the Minister of Justice (or designate) consents to this.
There are a number of situations where a charge of abduction may be laid if there is no other Canadian custody order. One is where the parents and child have been living together and suddenly one parent takes the child out of Manitoba without the other’s consent, intending to deprive the other of his or her rights as a parent. The second most common situation is where separated parents have agreed in the past that the child is to live with one of them. Unless that parent consents, the other cannot later decide to take the child away without a court order.
A parent charged with abduction may have a defence to the charge if the action was taken to protect the child or the parent from danger, or the other parent agreed he or she could take the child. A Canada-wide warrant may be issued for the arrest of the abducting parent. If convicted of the charge, the parent may be imprisoned for up to ten years.'
https://www.gov.mb.ca/fs/childcare/resources/custody_arrangements.html